Magnetic effects of electric current class 10 Physics chapter 12 notes can be an essential resource for your class 10 board exam preparation. This chapter highlights the electromagnetic effect, rules of finding the direction of magnetic field and current carrying conductor. It involves the theory of Fleming’s left-hand rule and Faraday. The note explains the important definition and the complex concepts regarding magnetic field and in an easy to recall way.
1. Magnetic Field and Magnetic Field Lines
A. Magnet
A magnet is a material that creates a field that attracts other things or materials with a magnetic nature.
Magnets are bipolar, and the poles are the South pole and the North pole.
Magnets attract metals such as nickel, cobalt, and iron.
B. Bar magnet
A rectangular substance consisting of any ferromagnetic substance, such as steel, iron, etc, serves as a permanent magnetic property.
C. Magnetic field
A region around a magnet where the magnetic effect can be felt. The strength as well as the direction of the magnetic field is represented by magnetic lines of force.
D. Magnetic Field Lines
- A running closed loop is formed by the magnetic field lines of a magnet.
- High intensity and strong magnitude depend on the number of magnetic field lines crossed per unit area.
- At any specific point, the tangent to the magnetic field lines indicates the direction of the magnetic field at that point.
- No intersection can be created between magnetic field lines.
F. Oersted’s experiment
A magnetic field is formed around the current-carrying conductor through which the current passes. The presence of the magnetic field can be checked by a magnetic needle. It reflects after coming into contact with the magnetic field. The more the current of the current the deflection will be. The direction of the deflection will be reversed if the direction of the current is reversed.
2. Magnetic field by a current-carrying conductor
1. Right thumb rule
If a straight conductor is held in a right hand, the tip of the thumb will indicate the direction of the flow of the current, and the curl of the fingers shows the direction of the magnetic field.
2. Magnetic field due to a straight current-carrying conductor
When an electric current is passed through a straight current-carrying conductor, a magnetic field is formed, and the magnetic field lines create concentric circles around the conductor.
3. Magnetic field by current through a solenoid
A coil with many circular windings that are wrapped around it, similar to the shape of a cylinder, is called a solenoid. The nature of a solenoid is just the same as that of a bar magnet. The pattern of the magnetic field created around it is just like that of a bar magnet. An iron core is used to enhance its strength.
4. Magnetic field by a current-carrying circular loop
The right thumb rule is applicable for the circular conducting wire, and it consists of small straight parts. Every point of the wire carries electricity and forms a magnetic field that seems to be a straight line at the centre.
Magnetic field around a circular conductor with an electric current
5. Force on a current-carrying conductor
If a conductor is placed in a magnetic field, a force is created on it. The force is perpendicular to the magnetic field and the length, and it is directly proportional to the current.
6. Electromagnetism and Electromagnet
An electromagnet is a kind of magnet formed by passing an electric current through a conductor. The magnetic field of the electromagnet can be created by preventing the flow of current. The phenomenon of inducing and producing the magnetic field through the current is known as electromagnetism.
7. Left-hand rule of Fleming
According to Fleming’s left-hand rule, the direction of the applied force on an electric wire is perpendicular to the magnetic field and the direction of the current.
8. Faraday’s theory
A magnetic field, through inducing a voltage called EMF(Electron force ) interacts with an electric circuit by electromagnetic induction.
9. Electric generator
An electric generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. There are two types: AC generator and DC generator.
Principal: An Electric generator works by electromagnetic induction.
10. Fleming’s Right-hand rule
Hold the thumb , fore finger and the middle finger of the right hand at right angles to each other. The thumb shows the direction of motion of the conductor, the fore finger indicates the direction of magnetic field and the middle figure shows the direction of induced current.
11. Domestic electric circuit
In houses, electricity is supplied through underground cables or overhead wires. It is distributed through three insulated wires.
- Live wire- current is delivered to the houses through it.
- Earth wire- It saves us from
- Neutral wire-
-
- Short circuit – When electric current flows through a low resistance path caused by the direction of connection between the live and neutral wire, it creates a short circuit.
- Fuse
A fuse is a protective device in an electric circuit. It saves at the time of overloading.
When the neutral and live wire come into contact with each other because of some fault in the wire, it causes overloading. In this case, the flow of current increases in the circuit, and the fuse breaks the flow of the current by melting.
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Conclusion
Magnetic effects of electric current class 10 Physics chapter 12 notes have a significant importance in the overall success in the Board exam. The note explains the important definition and the complex concepts in an easy to recall way. Fleming’s left hand and Faraday’s theory explain the relation between the magnetic field and the direction of the current with the applied force. The concept of an electric generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. Oersted’s experiment is presented for practical knowledge. Joining a reputed coaching center to get such structured study materials and expert guidance.
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